Portrait: AI-generated imagined likeness

Thomas Hobbes

Philosopher · Writer · historian

Years: 1588–1679
Birthplace: United Kingdom
Birth polity: Kingdom of England
Era: Early modern
Field: Philosophy
Occupations: Philosopher · Writer · historian

An English philosopher who systematized social contract theory and sovereignty theory. Based on the experience of civil war, he represents early modern political thought that questions the basis of state power and order. This is important when considering the starting point of modern state theory.

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Historical context

Places

Westport
Birth
Paris
Exile

Works & achievements

Leviathan
1651
Book

Origins

Origins map

Birth countryAssociated countries

Birth country: United Kingdom
Associated countries: France

Map: Natural Earth (PD)

Biography

Early life

Born in England, he became involved in academics as a tutor for an aristocratic family. Through his travels in Europe and his exile in France, he also came into contact with mathematics and continental thought.

Achievements

In Leviathan, he argued that people entrust power to a sovereign out of insecurity in the state of nature. It has become an important document not only in the theory of absolute monarchy but also in modern state theory.

Character & anecdotes

Hobbes' ideas were born out of the fear of violence and disorder in the English Civil War. A dark view of humanity is tied to an interest in the political apparatus that maintains peace.

Historical Impact

If you study Hobbes, you will see that modern political thought began to think of the state not only in terms of ideal virtue, but also in terms of fear, interest, and security. It becomes the basis for understanding social contract theory, sovereignty, and the relationship between individuals and the state. You can also read the tension between safety and freedom.